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Surgery was approved in 74.4% of prioritisation events with mean Snellen BSCVA of 6/38-2. Only 34.9% of New Zealand patients had Snellen BSCVA of 6/12 or better in the prioritised eye, compared to 58.4% in the European Union. Cataract SIR varied by region.

New Zealand's cataract SIR is lower than most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and patients have significantly worse BSCVA at prioritisation. Access to cataract surgery in New Zealand varies according to region. Māori and Pasifika present younger with worse BSCVA, suggesting potential barriers in accessing timely referral and prioritisation.

New Zealand's cataract SIR is lower than most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and patients have significantly worse BSCVA at prioritisation. Access to cataract surgery in New Zealand varies according to region. Māori and Pasifika present younger with worse BSCVA, suggesting potential barriers in accessing timely referral and prioritisation.

We aimed to determine the effectiveness of surveillance using testing for SARS-CoV-2 to identify an outbreak arising from a single case of border control failure in a country that has eliminated community transmission of COVID-19 New Zealand.

A stochastic version of the SEIR model CovidSIM v1.1 designed specifically for COVID-19 was utilised. It was seeded with New Zealand population data and relevant parameters sourced from the New Zealand and international literature.

For what we regard as the most plausible scenario with an effective reproduction number of 2.0, the results suggest that 95% of outbreaks from a single imported case would be detected in the period up to day 36 after introduction. At the time point of detection, there would be a median number of five infected cases in the community (95% range 1-29). To achieve this level of detection, an ongoing programme of 5,580 tests per day (1,120 tests per million people per day) for the New Zealand population would be required. The vast majority ofsuch as the testing of town/city sewerage systems for the pandemic virus.

Thyroid nodule malignancy risk is increasingly estimated using ultrasound characteristics. We assessed ultrasound reports of nodules and compared ultrasound-based malignancy risk assessments with cytology and histology findings.

We identified patients with thyroid ultrasound (55% by private provider, 45% by DHB) and cytology at CMDHB over 18 months. Malignancy risk for each nodule was categorised based on the ultrasound report, then using ultrasound images with the local CMDHB approach and American Thyroid Association guidelines, and then was compared with cytology/histology results.

36/91 nodules (84 patients) had abnormal (Bethesda 3-6) cytology. Forty-eight patients (54 nodules) underwent thyroid surgery and 13 nodules (12 patients) had thyroid cancers. Most ultrasound reports did not mention nodule malignancy risk characteristics (range 13-98%) or a malignancy risk estimate (66/91). 12/33 nodules with benign (Bethesda 2) cytology and 18/36 nodules with abnormal (Bethesda 3-6) cytology were considered intermediate/high risk of malignancy by ultrasound; none and seven, respectively, had cancer identified subsequently. In 18 nodules considered low risk by ultrasound, four cancers were identified.

Most ultrasound reports contained insufficient information about nodule malignancy risk to allow an independent assessment. Agreement between cytological/histological findings and malignancy risk estimates using ultrasound was not high.

Most ultrasound reports contained insufficient information about nodule malignancy risk to allow an independent assessment. Agreement between cytological/histological findings and malignancy risk estimates using ultrasound was not high.

Recent changes in funding have reduced the cost of the highly effective levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LIUS) contraceptives (Mirena and Jaydess). This paper explores equity of access to intrauterine contraceptives for Māori and the general population by locating and surveying all potential providers within the Southern District Health Board catchment area.

Using online survey, e-mail or phone, we asked if intrauterine contraceptive insertion was provided, what device was provided, cost and number of appointments required. ArcGIS 10.6.1 software was used to estimate population distribution, and to create service areas showing distance to nearest current providers for Māori and the general population.

All 88 potential providers agreed to participate; two thirds (66.3%) provided some intrauterine contraceptive insertion. CHIR-99021 mw Approximately three quarters of the Māori and general population live within 5km of a primary provider. Costs ranged from $0 to $270, in addition to the cost of the required consultations. Number of consultations required varied from one to three.

Cost and travel time likely remain barriers to accessing intrauterine contraceptives for a significant population within this catchment. Increasing the capacity for all primary providers to offer insertion, funding the insertion process, minimising the number of appointments required and providing mobile services would improve access.

Cost and travel time likely remain barriers to accessing intrauterine contraceptives for a significant population within this catchment. Increasing the capacity for all primary providers to offer insertion, funding the insertion process, minimising the number of appointments required and providing mobile services would improve access.On August 11, 2020, a confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a male correctional facility employee (correctional officer) aged 20 years was reported to the Vermont Department of Health (VDH). On July 28, the correctional officer had multiple brief encounters with six incarcerated or detained persons (IDPs)* while their SARS-CoV-2 test results were pending. The six asymptomatic IDPs arrived from an out-of-state correctional facility on July 28 and were housed in a quarantine unit. In accordance with Vermont Department of Corrections (VDOC) policy for state prisons, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the six IDPs on their arrival date and tested for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at the Vermont Department of Health Laboratory, using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On July 29, all six IDPs received positive test results. VDH and VDOC conducted a contact tracing investigation† and used video surveillance footage to determine that the correctional officer did not meet VDH's definition of close contact (i.